Which of the following can be an outcome of effectively utilizing ZPD in teaching?

Effectively utilizing the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in teaching can lead to increased student independence and self-efficacy. The concept of ZPD, introduced by Vygotsky, emphasizes the range of tasks that a learner can perform with guidance but cannot yet accomplish independently. By strategically providing support, educators can help students progress through their ZPD, fostering a sense of achievement as they master new skills and concepts.

As students engage in learning activities that challenge them just beyond their current capabilities, they build competence and confidence. When students see their own progress and realize they can tackle more complex tasks with appropriate support, their sense of self-efficacy grows. This increasing independence is vital for lifelong learning, as it encourages learners to take initiative and approach new challenges with a more positive and resilient mindset.

The other options present outcomes that do not align with the principles behind effective use of ZPD in teaching. For instance, heightened anxiety during assessments is often linked to lack of preparation or support, which ZPD approaches aim to mitigate. Similarly, a focus on uniform performance contradicts the personalized nature of ZPD, as it recognizes individual differences in learning needs and paces. Lastly, decreased engagement in learning activities is not a goal of Z