What is the primary focus of operant conditioning according to Skinner?

The primary focus of operant conditioning, as proposed by B.F. Skinner, is indeed on changes in behavior through reinforcement. Operant conditioning is a learning process that relies on the use of rewards (reinforcements) and punishments to shape behavior. When a behavior is followed by a reinforcing stimulus, the likelihood of that behavior being repeated increases. Conversely, if a behavior is followed by a punishment, it is less likely to occur again.

This concept demonstrates how external factors, such as immediate consequences of actions, play a vital role in learning. By systematically applying reinforcements and punishments, educators can effectively modify and influence student behavior in the classroom.

The other options reference different psychological theories that do not align with the principles of operant conditioning. For instance, internal thought processes relate more to cognitive learning theories, while development through crisis pertains to Erikson's psychosocial development framework, and understanding relationships through observation connects to social learning theories as proposed by Bandura. Each of these alternatives illustrates different aspects of learning and development but does not capture the essence of operant conditioning as effectively as the concept of behavior change through reinforcement.